Aedes sp.

May 16th, 2018

Introduction

Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity. Aedes albopictus, a most invasive species, was recently spread to the New World, including the United States, by the used-tire trade. First described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, the generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής, aēdēs, meaning “unpleasant” or “odious”. The type species for Aedes is Aedes cinereus [2]. Some species of this genus transmit serious diseases, including dengue fever, yellow fever, the Zika virus [3], and chikungunya. In Polynesia, the species Aedes polynesiensis is responsible for the transmission of human lymphatic filariasis.

Aedes can be detected and monitored by ovitraps.

The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) genome was sequenced by the Broad Institute and The Institute for Genomic Research. The initial assembly was released in August 2005; a draft sequence of the genome and preliminary analysis was published in June 2007 [4]. The annotated genome is available at VectorBase [5].

Characteristics

Aedes mosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white markings on their body and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite only during the daytime. The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk [6].

Role in disease

Members of the genus Aedes are known vectors for numerous viral infections. The two most prominent species that transmit viruses are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus which transmit the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, chikungunya, eastern equine encephalitis, and Zika virus [7], along with many other, less notable diseases. Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and, in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead to death. A vaccine to provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites include: insecticides such as DDT, mosquito traps, insect repellents, and mosquito nets.

Systematics and phylogeny

The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. As historically defined, the genus contains over 700 species (see the list of Aedes species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (Aedes, Diceromyia, Finlaya, Stegomyia, etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera [9]. The classification was revised in 2009 [10].

(source : wikipedia)

Bibliographic references

  1. http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/mosquito/en/
  2. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. undated. “Aedes”. “Archived copy”. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  3. CDC Transmission of Zika virus
  4. Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, et al. (2007). “Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector”. Science. 316 (5832): 1718–23. doi:10.1126/science.1138878. PMC 2868357 Freely accessible. PMID 17510324.
  5. “Aedes aegypti“. VectorBase. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  6. http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/faq/en/index5.html
  7. “Archived copy“. Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
  8. Le Goff, G.; Brengues, C.; Robert, V. (2013). “Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp”. Parasite. 20: 31. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013030. PMC 3770211 Freely accessible. PMID 24025625.
  9. Reinert, John F.; Harbach, Ralph E.; Kitching, Ian J. (2004). “Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages” (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (3): 289–368. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-13.
  10. John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach, and Ian J. Kitching. 2009. “Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157(4):700-794.

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